Monday, January 27, 2020
Business Negotiation: An International Perspective
Business Negotiation: An International Perspective Introduction International Business Negotiation is a process through which parties shift their initial contradictory positions to a point where agreement reaches. International Business Negotiation is fully a part of the managerial process and helps the business to implement their strategies and plans. International business negotiation involves all international business transaction and it also helps in developing agreements between two or more parties or groups in order to provide direction and set of laws for their future behaviour. Negotiation also helps in finding the solution for common problems. In negotiation, parties can quit the process at anytime and in negotiation both the parties modify their views and thoughts in order to come close to each other. Negotiation is also know integrative bargaining which is win-win negotiation where parties comes out with good outcomes and attracts more investors to invest and negotiation have different culture backgrounds because of many countries. The process of negotiation is always influenced by contextual factors and when negotiation is discussed, it is presented as culture issue. Pervez N. Ghauri and Jean Claude Usinier,1999 International Business Negotiation 2nd Edition, Elsevier Ltd Critical Evaluation: (ref: Russell . B . Sunshine (1990). Negotiation for International Development. Martines Nijhoff Publishers)                                                         CULTURE VALUES Basic Beliefs                                             Norms                                               Customs Impact of culture on Negotiation CULTURE VALUES Basic Beliefs                                   Norms                                            Customs                                                CLUTUREAL PERSPECTIVE Habits                                                 Assumption                              Selective Perception                                                  NEGOTIATING STYLE Decision-making                                                                                           Communicating Culture has the negative impact on the negotiation from both the sides i.e. sender of the negotiation message and receiver of the negotiation message. In business negotiation many people are from different cultural backgrounds, so sometimes they do not share their views, which affect the negotiation. So during the negotiation process there are many cultural misunderstandings, different results and also the lack of trust between the parties. Culture affects the negotiation because of the distance between the partners and also the difference in the economical and educational system. Culture helps in shaping the basic beliefs, norms and customs give rise to many economic and political barriers in the negotiation process. Negotiation is the outcome of many actions and these actions are affected by the culture because it creates problems in decision-making, in setting goals, and implementing of strategies at the time of negotiation producer. E.g. America and Japan contributes about 40% of Development Assistance Countries. But negotiation between America and Japan is not effective because of many cultural differences. Culture of America and Japan are totally different in principles, norms and negotiating behavior. So there culture has a deep collision on the negotiation process. CONCLUSION Negotiation takes place between two countries or two different cultures. So effective negotiation can be carried out by following ways. Should be responsive to own culture before making surveillance of cross-culture. Study and gather the information about the negotiating technique and cultural surroundings of the opposite partys. At the time of negotiation, both the parties should decide the subject and after deciding the subject parties should put their own cultures into practice and should wait for each others response. Both the parties should identify those responses which are similar in order to avoid conflicts. Should present the negotiation process in such a way which engages the cultural preferences of both the parties. Both the parties should check their cultural assumptions and should pay attention to each others objectives carefully. Parties should modify their negotiating behavior in order to avoid communication conflicts. Both the parties should show respect and courtesy for their own culture, so that the interaction will be carried out successfully. Parties should be more flexible in order to make their attitude respectful.
Saturday, January 18, 2020
Professional Athletes Essay
Companies that use professional athlete have the right to use that endorsement at their discretion. This question is difficult to answer as a whole because there are so many factors that occur. When it comes to a contract or obligation the bylaws of such agreement can lend both parties to not fulfill the agreed terms. Most athletes are held to a standard that is based upon their role in their specific sport. The star or leader is usually held in higher regard than the 12th man on a team. With that said the argument for companies comes from a different perspective so its lends one to speak from both sides of the argument. I have to take the affirmative for the companies even though I believe in the marketability of the professional athlete. In the case of Micheal Phelps his ability to perform at a high level has led directly to the rebound of his image. Tiger Woods on the other had way more to lose at the time of his marital problems. In turn his on course performance has not been at the level in which we are use to seeing of him. He has no amassed the same fervor or attention for positivity as a Micheal Phelps. The bad play on the course as not lifted the stain of all the negative press that he garnered. Had he been even more successful on his playing field he more than likely would have been able to get companies to get back on the Tiger train. Companies, tend to use athletes that match their persona, the bigger the name the bigger the company. Image is so important to what a company is trying to convey about its product and service. Most companies have their values listed somewhere near their corporate profile. The two have to match. The values of a company must meet the value that is percieved the by the value of the product. The best and most current case of this is with Lance Armstrong, his Livestrong Foundation and Nike have distances themselves from Lance. He was a very visible and outspoken spokesman, he had a following that added to his legend on an almost daily basis. The findings that there was unanimous evidence that he was using PEDs (Performance Enhancing Drugs) to win in his sport was detrimental to not only his incredibility but it clings to a company like Nike being a company built on the athletic prowess of athletes from a varied amount of sports. So as a company what do you do? You have no choice but to cut ties with this athlete not just because he lied but the implication can be made that Nike and its athletes also lie and use PEDs. You can’t blame a company from wanting to distance its brand from that of a liar and cheater. In a different effect the Livestrong Foundation has a separate delimma to look at aside from the moral issue. They have a financial conundrum that affect the legacy of what Lance did for cancer and cancer research. The livestrong bands that are so popular in our community, were marketed to people on the basis that the proceeds from the sale of the bands go to the fight against cancer. People that associate Lance’s image struggle with his Foundation have become outraged. Here it is, this â€Å"winner†who was at the pinnacle of his sport lied on top of lying he cheated. He used his acclaim and sickness to capitalize on a disease and in turn not only made money for the foundation but also lined his pocket. The only recourse it seems the foundation had to take is to severe ties. Companies have a obligation to their shareholders, They have a obligation to their employees as well. The obligation to the shareholders and employees comes in the form of profit and money. Imagine if your brand is built on honesty and integrity. Your marketing and advertising say you are honest but your commercials have a Tiger Woods or Lance Armstrong there is a clear distinction that these two athletes have had trouble with honesty. The audience can then place your brand with dishonesty which can lead to losing business. As a bottom line all companies want to make money. You tend not to do things on a consistent level that contradict the reason why most businesses go into business, to make money! Performance is also a factor in whether a company will give an endorsement to an athletes. We are a culture that tends to use the what have you done for me lately concept when it comes to our professional athlete. Businesses also use this practice to capitalize on the success and marketability of an athlete. If there was a ethical issue the easiest way for that athlete to get the endorsements back or to gain new is to win. Winning is the cure for any image problems because it covers up the moral and places emphasis on the practical. In the case of Peyton Manning, Buick comes to mind. He did not play in the NFL in the 2011 season. He suffered tremendous neck injuries that put his playing future in jeopardy. He lost several endorsement deals not because he had a moral issue, in fact he is one of the top professional athletes in the world when it comes to image. In 2012 he was picked up but another team and that team has been success, Buick looking for a spokesman to embody the brand of Buick they went with Manning. He was not high on their list they dropped Tiger and needed to find a spokesman that matched the brand. Companies have to make the decision to drop or keep an athlete based on so many factors. The need to satisfy the bottom line and the customer is always a hard task. The hardest part is picking the right spokesman that can push the brand, product or service. It is hard because these athletes have personal lives, these athletes are human, they make decisions at times without thinking about what company has paid them to speak about their product. The company has to make sure that they include language in the contract that can help the athlete make inclusive decisions. The moral clause is always a good way for a company to protect itself from the damage that can happen when favorable decisions are not made by an individual. It is up to the athlete to make sure he wants to keep the money and fame that can come from being on commercials and in ads by Fortune 500 companies. I feel as though they do not think about the overall consequences of their actions or how it may affect their decisions. This is where the company comes in and can make up for that. Its egoism from both sides. A athlete can act unbecoming and lose it all but due to great performances he can redeem his career. While the company can extend a 2nd chance allowing the athlete to be in the public eye again. Its a line that both have control over but in the world of business and sport the lines are so often blurred. In the end the companies have the right to giveth and the right to taketh away.
Friday, January 10, 2020
An ethical decision that I had to make Essay
An ethical decision that I had to make in my personal life. Was to choose between getting in education or staying in this post secondary school for adults with disabilities. After being there for two years I have not seen any progress that. I had to choose to give up going to the school that I was comfortable in with not having to put forth much effort. So my mother asks me did I want to try college online since I was not accomplishing anything at the post secondary school. Well I was scared to try because of my educational background with me being disable not knowing if I would be able to achieve getting a college degree. Come to find that I could accomplish getting a college education like any one else I would just have to work twice as hard to achieve my goal. So now that I’m I my second year of college I feel so good about doing it I do not think twice I would do it again. I’m really happy that my mother had enough faith in me. If it was not for her I would not be my second year of college. Now I feel like I can accomplish anything that I put my mind to no matter anyone else says. I’m also looking forward not only to receiving my associates degree but my bachelors as well. Even though sometimes it is a struggle I still keep in the back of my mind that I can do it I made it this far so I can finish. As well as having my family there to support me as well. Another big impact for me is when I saw my mother graduated with her associate’s degree in business and finances. That made me so proud then I thought about this could be me in another year. Which also made me began to work much harder to reach my goal so I can be where she is. One of my values is to live for what’s right no matter what may be gained or lost.
Thursday, January 2, 2020
Essay on The Legalization of Euthanasia - 1420 Words
Euthanasia legalization has been a controversial topic for years; studies have shown that arguments regarding the euthanasia debate are often depending on the process used to take the life of the patient. There are a lot of thoughts surrounding the issue of euthanasia and whether or not it should be legal. According to the Encyclopedia of American Law, euthanasia is categorized as a class of criminal homicide (Debate.org, par. 3). However, not all homicides are considered illegal. In today’s society, killing is seen as excusable when used as a criminal penalty, but inexcusable when carried out for any other reason. In most places, non-voluntary euthanasia is considered illegal and involuntary euthanasia is considered a criminal homicide.†¦show more content†¦Voluntary and direct euthanasia is when euthanasia is selected and carried out by the patient. Voluntary but indirect euthanasia is chosen ahead of time. Direct but involuntary euthanasia is done without the patie nt’s request. Indirect and involuntary euthanasia is when the hospital decides to remove a person from life support. The most known process of euthanasia is a doctor giving patients a powerful sedative which slowly numbs their body before injecting another drug to stop their heart. There are five methods of euthanasia and each methods of euthanasia have different outcomes. The methods used when giving euthanasia are the withdrawn or withheld treatment, the injection treatment, the plastic bag treatment, the dehydration and suicide pill treatment. The withdrawn/withheld treatment is when food and water is being withheld from the patient. This method causes the patient to starve to death. It is also suggested to be the most painful method. The injection treatment is a coma induced treatment that usually causes the patients to die usually as a result of anorexia, which is caused by the muscle relaxant induced. The plastic bags method is known to the most distraught way to die. 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