The Path of the Law and its Influence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Path of the Law and its Influence - Essay Example In the study of law, every decision made by any court should evaluate the merits and demerits of the decision held. This prevents any possible critique to the decision made by the court. In the merits and demerits of the decision, the moral part of the issue at hand should be brought to the light for the citizens to deem it fair. However, there have been a number of cases that have been controversial in a way that the decision held by the court finds all opposition with firm grounded facts that can lend the decision overturning. In such a case, the integrity and competence of the judge who advanced the decision being challenged by other law intellectuals. The most controversial cases are those that touch on the public rights such as the voting rights. One of such decision is that which was made by the Supreme Court in relation to the elections of Texas. In its decision, the Supreme Court allowed Texas to use the controversial voter-ID law. According to this law, the registered voters were supposed to prove their eligibility to cast votes by use of the Photo-ID law that is described as a terrible law in the state. This law had been declared unconstitutional by a district judge on the basis that it would prevent many thousands of voters from casting ballots. This law would mostly affect the African Americans an d the Hispanic. The Supreme Court’s order failed to address the merits of this law before allowing it to be enforced. Furthermore, the Court did not provide the reasoning behind the enforcement of this law. This law is a threat to the public confidence in elections because it discriminates against certain individual groups of citizens from exercising their constitutional right to vote. A law should not be racist in its enactment.  

Working with your own definition of culture, how important do you Dissertation

Working with your own definition of culture, how important do you think culture is when considering change and innovation - Dissertation Example Culture and innovation 3 2.1 Definition of culture 3 2.2 Cultural influence on innovation 4 3. Own teaching situation 6 3.1 Classroom culture in Japan: realities in the classroom 6 3.2 MEXT's Top-down drastic reforms 7 4. Importance of considering culture and the need for innovation 7 4.1 Importance of culture for ELT innovation in Japanese secondary English education 8 4.2 Why Japan needs such a drastic innovation in English education 8 5. Suggestions for successful implementation of ELT innovation in Japan 8 5.1 Milder implementation of CLT 9 5.2 Adaptation not adoption 9 5.3 Intercultural competency 10 5.4 Reformation of yakudoku 10 6. Conclusion 11 References 12 Appendix 14 List of Figures Figure 1: Resistance to culturally incompatible ELT innovations 4 List of Tables Table 1: High and low context cultures 5 Abbreviations used ALT Assistant Language Teacher CLT Communicative Language Teaching ELT English Language Training ESL English as a Second Language JET Japanese Exchange an d Teaching (Programme) JTE Japanese Teacher of English MEXT Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (of Japan) 1. Introduction Japan has been going through a period of major reforms in English language education over the past two decades with the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) attempting to promote the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) methodology. ... In the 1989 guidelines, it was declared that the development of students' communicative abilities in English was to become the focus of English language education in Japan (MEXT, 1989). The latest reforms in 2008 introduced more drastic reforms favouring the adoption of CLT and instructing Japanese teachers to teach English by using only English in class. This innovation is set to be implemented in senior high schools in April 2013 (MEXT, 2008). CLT is now widely accepted as a dominant methodology in second/foreign language teaching in the West. But when imported into non-Western countries such as Japan, it has caused confusion and led to resistance by teachers and students alike. As with many other East Asian countries, Japan now faces a big challenge in implementing CLT in actual classrooms (Littlewood, 2007). White (1995: 118) asserted that if innovators take the beliefs, values and history of the surrounding culture into deeper consideration then the positive innovation they prop ose can usually stand a better chance at long-term acceptance. The discussion of the significance of culture in implementing innovation in English language education in this paper begins with defining culture and describing the characteristics of Japanese culture using the high-low context culture framework developed by Hall (1976). The writer's own teaching experience at a senior high school English class in Japan is then described to provide insight into classroom realities in Japan and the impact of MEXT's reforms. This is followed by an analysis of the cultural influence on innovation and a discussion of how and why culture is an important consideration in English language education in Japan. It is hoped that the suggestions made thereafter will