Tuesday, April 14, 2020
Protecting Your Students With Student Response Act Guidelines
Protecting Your Students With Student Response Act GuidelinesDo you know that there is a Student Response Act introduced by Congress last year and that it requires that all colleges and universities provide their students with a written composition before they go to school? That means students now have the right to request and read written assignments before signing them. For colleges and universities, this is good news because they do not want to send out a new assignment and then have students read it and ask for revisions later.But what happens when students decide to rewrite or alter the work they receive from their instructors? How do you protect your students? I am here to tell you that you can provide the student with a sample essay which has been modified to fit their learning style so that they can modify it as they feel necessary.In fact, just about any material can be written in ways that suit the student and the particular subject matter that they are studying. There are essay examples that are used to help students determine how to write an essay and the kinds of questions they should ask and the types of information they should include. Students should also be encouraged to learn about using the styles guides that they can find online.The Student Response Act requires that schools not only provide a sample, but that they allow students to rewrite those samples to fit their learning style. If the student is interested in editing the student response section, the editor must follow the guidelines and allow the student to change it to fit their learning style. And when you review the student response section, the editors can make sure that the student can understand what the question was asking and how to answer it. This will ensure that your student has the most accurate and effective resource for how to make sense of the material.As a result, students are given the opportunity to learn how to give a written response which will be the best one. It i s their chance to experience reading a sample, altering it as needed, and then giving it to a professor who will provide them with the proper response. So don't think that editing your own works is an impossible task, you do not have to rewrite everything - you can teach your students how to edit and you can feel good about it.And in addition to ensuring that every student receives an edited student response, schools must also assure that the editors are following the rules for editing - the standards. Any editor found to be violating the standards will lose their editing privileges, so it is important to make sure that you are abiding by the regulations.Finally, the Student Response Act also allows the student to check whether the responses they are provided are acceptable to them, whether the standard guidelines have been followed, and whether the guidelines were followed properly by the editor. All of these things are important because the college or university is held accountabl e for their content and if they fail to comply with the requirements of the Student Response Act, you are held accountable as well.You must ensure that the students you hire to edit your works are following the standards set forth by the Student Response Act and that they follow certain criteria to determine the content. This way, you can ensure that you can get the greatest possible value for your efforts, you can protect your student's right to a fair work environment, and you can help ensure that your college or university stands out among the rest.
Wednesday, March 25, 2020
Bona Fide Occupational Qualification (Bfoq) Essays -
Bona Fide Occupational Qualification (Bfoq) INTRODUCTION Title VII states that an employee cannot be treated differently because of sex unless sex is a bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ). When used as a defense, bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ) allows an organization to hire and employ individuals on the basis of the qualifications reasonably necessary to the normal operation of that particular business or enterprise. This paper will discuss the necessary steps employers must take in order to justify using sex as a discriminator when hiring employees and review some known cases where BFOQ was used as a defense. DEFINITIONS Sex Discrimination is traditionally defined as systematically treating one sex differently from the other. However, discrimination can be further defined by breaking it down into two areas: disparate treatment and disparate impact. Disparate treatment is more commonly known as outright discrimination. It is treating an individual differently than what is fair and just because of race, sex religious beliefs or any other differentiating factor. Disparate impact is discrimination towards a group of employees who are members of the protected class. The protected class is that group of individuals who are protected from discrimination by a federal, state or local statute (Sovereign, p.352). Everyone is a member of at least one protected class, because gender is a protected class. In Title VII litigation, where the employees neutral practice causes the disparate impact, no showing of intent to discriminate is necessary for liability (Kovacic-Fleischer, p.858). In a Title VII case, once a plaintiff has made a prima facie disparate impact case, a defendant can defend by proving that the neutral practice is a business necessity. If the defendant is able to establish the defense, the plaintiff still has the opportunity to prove that the defendant could achieve the business necessity in a less discriminatory manner. The Bona Fide Occupational Qualification (BFOQ) is contained in Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Under this title, employment in particular jobs may not be limited to individuals of a particular sex, religion, or national origin unless the employer can show that one of these factors is an actual and necessary qualification for performing the job. BFOQ is usually decided on a case-by-case basis. Race is never a BFOQ. When BFOQ is used as a defense, the employer admits sex discrimination but under the terms of the statute it is justified (Sovereign, p.91). The Supreme Court has determined that the BFOQ exception is intended as a narrow exception to the prohibition of sex-based discrimination (Hawke, p.58). Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 states that it is unlawful for an employer to refuse to hire, discharge or discriminate against an individual because of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. Under Title VII sex discrimination is not unlawful if BFOQ can be proven as necessary for that position. PROVING DISCRIMINATION Employee Position Employees alleging discrimination must attempt to prove a prima facie case. Prima facie means that before a person can go to court, it must be shown that a wrong has been committed by stating certain facts (Sovereign, p.38). The employee must show that he is a member of a protected class and has suffered an adverse employment action. An adverse employment action is anything the employer does which affects the employees job and is not positive. For example, if an applicant applies for an open position that he is qualified for, is rejected, and that position remains open and the employer continues to seek applicants, this could be discriminatory treatment. Adverse actions can range from firing, failure to hire, or failure to promote. The employee then has to show that the employers reason for the adverse action was not legitimate. This is known as showing that the employers reason for not hiring was pretext. Once pretext is proven, then the court would presume that the adverse action was illegal. In some instances, this may not be enough. The employee may still have to provide evidence of discrimination. Employers Position When an employer is accused of discrimination, he must state that there was a legitimate reason for that adverse employment action. The employer may chose from many defenses. One defense may be BFOQ. In using BFOQ as a defense, the employer must show reasonable necessity
Friday, March 6, 2020
The Goddess theory Essay Example
The Goddess theory Essay Example The Goddess theory Essay The Goddess theory Essay One of the most hotly debated topics in archeology today is that of the role of a Goddess figure in early religions and its impact on ancient civilizations.Some critics on this topic tend to believe that defiantly there was a Great Goddess figure in every ancient religion which was the primary deity.While other scholars take a more moderate approach on the matter.The topic of whether or not ancient civilizations were total centered upon a female goddess form is still being closely debated, and is up for close examination. A renewed interest in goddesses comes from the feminist interpretation of establishedreligions. The goddess theory is in part an attempt to find alternatives to a male god. There are many different paths in which one could take in order to fully understand the goddess theory. One such path is to seek goddesses in prehistoric times and in ancient societies, particularly in the Near East andto look for evidence of goddess worship in archaeological remains.This is t he Great Goddess school of thought followers of this belief think that in prehistoric and ancient times, human beings worshipped a Great Goddess of fertility and reproduction. They use as their initial evidence the big-bellied, big-breasted figurines found at a number of prehistoric sites.Another direction is to examine goddess figures in existing religions, and to do a reinterpretation of sacred texts and traditions that gives greater strength to them.Finally the last direction that can be taken in the goddess theory is that of the goddess revival.The Goddess Revival states that established religions are to patriarchal and women must turn away from them to active goddess worship.Believers in the goddess revival also declare that only by devotion to a female deity that women can be full and equal participants in religion and thus an equal member of society. There is a problem with all of the goddess arguments.If a society or
Wednesday, February 19, 2020
The Path of the Law and its Influence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
The Path of the Law and its Influence - Essay Example In the study of law, every decision made by any court should evaluate the merits and demerits of the decision held. This prevents any possible critique to the decision made by the court. In the merits and demerits of the decision, the moral part of the issue at hand should be brought to the light for the citizens to deem it fair. However, there have been a number of cases that have been controversial in a way that the decision held by the court finds all opposition with firm grounded facts that can lend the decision overturning. In such a case, the integrity and competence of the judge who advanced the decision being challenged by other law intellectuals. The most controversial cases are those that touch on the public rights such as the voting rights. One of such decision is that which was made by the Supreme Court in relation to the elections of Texas. In its decision, the Supreme Court allowed Texas to use the controversial voter-ID law. According to this law, the registered voters were supposed to prove their eligibility to cast votes by use of the Photo-ID law that is described as a terrible law in the state. This law had been declared unconstitutional by a district judge on the basis that it would prevent many thousands of voters from casting ballots. This law would mostly affect the African Americans an d the Hispanic. The Supreme Court’s order failed to address the merits of this law before allowing it to be enforced. Furthermore, the Court did not provide the reasoning behind the enforcement of this law. This law is a threat to the public confidence in elections because it discriminates against certain individual groups of citizens from exercising their constitutional right to vote. A law should not be racist in its enactment.Â
Tuesday, February 4, 2020
Working with your own definition of culture, how important do you Dissertation
Working with your own definition of culture, how important do you think culture is when considering change and innovation - Dissertation Example Culture and innovation 3 2.1 Definition of culture 3 2.2 Cultural influence on innovation 4 3. Own teaching situation 6 3.1 Classroom culture in Japan: realities in the classroom 6 3.2 MEXT's Top-down drastic reforms 7 4. Importance of considering culture and the need for innovation 7 4.1 Importance of culture for ELT innovation in Japanese secondary English education 8 4.2 Why Japan needs such a drastic innovation in English education 8 5. Suggestions for successful implementation of ELT innovation in Japan 8 5.1 Milder implementation of CLT 9 5.2 Adaptation not adoption 9 5.3 Intercultural competency 10 5.4 Reformation of yakudoku 10 6. Conclusion 11 References 12 Appendix 14 List of Figures Figure 1: Resistance to culturally incompatible ELT innovations 4 List of Tables Table 1: High and low context cultures 5 Abbreviations used ALT Assistant Language Teacher CLT Communicative Language Teaching ELT English Language Training ESL English as a Second Language JET Japanese Exchange an d Teaching (Programme) JTE Japanese Teacher of English MEXT Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (of Japan) 1. Introduction Japan has been going through a period of major reforms in English language education over the past two decades with the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) attempting to promote the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) methodology. ... In the 1989 guidelines, it was declared that the development of students' communicative abilities in English was to become the focus of English language education in Japan (MEXT, 1989). The latest reforms in 2008 introduced more drastic reforms favouring the adoption of CLT and instructing Japanese teachers to teach English by using only English in class. This innovation is set to be implemented in senior high schools in April 2013 (MEXT, 2008). CLT is now widely accepted as a dominant methodology in second/foreign language teaching in the West. But when imported into non-Western countries such as Japan, it has caused confusion and led to resistance by teachers and students alike. As with many other East Asian countries, Japan now faces a big challenge in implementing CLT in actual classrooms (Littlewood, 2007). White (1995: 118) asserted that if innovators take the beliefs, values and history of the surrounding culture into deeper consideration then the positive innovation they prop ose can usually stand a better chance at long-term acceptance. The discussion of the significance of culture in implementing innovation in English language education in this paper begins with defining culture and describing the characteristics of Japanese culture using the high-low context culture framework developed by Hall (1976). The writer's own teaching experience at a senior high school English class in Japan is then described to provide insight into classroom realities in Japan and the impact of MEXT's reforms. This is followed by an analysis of the cultural influence on innovation and a discussion of how and why culture is an important consideration in English language education in Japan. It is hoped that the suggestions made thereafter will
Monday, January 27, 2020
Business Negotiation: An International Perspective
Business Negotiation: An International Perspective Introduction International Business Negotiation is a process through which parties shift their initial contradictory positions to a point where agreement reaches. International Business Negotiation is fully a part of the managerial process and helps the business to implement their strategies and plans. International business negotiation involves all international business transaction and it also helps in developing agreements between two or more parties or groups in order to provide direction and set of laws for their future behaviour. Negotiation also helps in finding the solution for common problems. In negotiation, parties can quit the process at anytime and in negotiation both the parties modify their views and thoughts in order to come close to each other. Negotiation is also know integrative bargaining which is win-win negotiation where parties comes out with good outcomes and attracts more investors to invest and negotiation have different culture backgrounds because of many countries. The process of negotiation is always influenced by contextual factors and when negotiation is discussed, it is presented as culture issue. Pervez N. Ghauri and Jean Claude Usinier,1999 International Business Negotiation 2nd Edition, Elsevier Ltd Critical Evaluation: (ref: Russell . B . Sunshine (1990). Negotiation for International Development. Martines Nijhoff Publishers)                                                         CULTURE VALUES Basic Beliefs                                             Norms                                               Customs Impact of culture on Negotiation CULTURE VALUES Basic Beliefs                                   Norms                                            Customs                                                CLUTUREAL PERSPECTIVE Habits                                                 Assumption                              Selective Perception                                                  NEGOTIATING STYLE Decision-making                                                                                           Communicating Culture has the negative impact on the negotiation from both the sides i.e. sender of the negotiation message and receiver of the negotiation message. In business negotiation many people are from different cultural backgrounds, so sometimes they do not share their views, which affect the negotiation. So during the negotiation process there are many cultural misunderstandings, different results and also the lack of trust between the parties. Culture affects the negotiation because of the distance between the partners and also the difference in the economical and educational system. Culture helps in shaping the basic beliefs, norms and customs give rise to many economic and political barriers in the negotiation process. Negotiation is the outcome of many actions and these actions are affected by the culture because it creates problems in decision-making, in setting goals, and implementing of strategies at the time of negotiation producer. E.g. America and Japan contributes about 40% of Development Assistance Countries. But negotiation between America and Japan is not effective because of many cultural differences. Culture of America and Japan are totally different in principles, norms and negotiating behavior. So there culture has a deep collision on the negotiation process. CONCLUSION Negotiation takes place between two countries or two different cultures. So effective negotiation can be carried out by following ways. Should be responsive to own culture before making surveillance of cross-culture. Study and gather the information about the negotiating technique and cultural surroundings of the opposite partys. At the time of negotiation, both the parties should decide the subject and after deciding the subject parties should put their own cultures into practice and should wait for each others response. Both the parties should identify those responses which are similar in order to avoid conflicts. Should present the negotiation process in such a way which engages the cultural preferences of both the parties. Both the parties should check their cultural assumptions and should pay attention to each others objectives carefully. Parties should modify their negotiating behavior in order to avoid communication conflicts. Both the parties should show respect and courtesy for their own culture, so that the interaction will be carried out successfully. Parties should be more flexible in order to make their attitude respectful.
Saturday, January 18, 2020
Professional Athletes Essay
Companies that use professional athlete have the right to use that endorsement at their discretion. This question is difficult to answer as a whole because there are so many factors that occur. When it comes to a contract or obligation the bylaws of such agreement can lend both parties to not fulfill the agreed terms. Most athletes are held to a standard that is based upon their role in their specific sport. The star or leader is usually held in higher regard than the 12th man on a team. With that said the argument for companies comes from a different perspective so its lends one to speak from both sides of the argument. I have to take the affirmative for the companies even though I believe in the marketability of the professional athlete. In the case of Micheal Phelps his ability to perform at a high level has led directly to the rebound of his image. Tiger Woods on the other had way more to lose at the time of his marital problems. In turn his on course performance has not been at the level in which we are use to seeing of him. He has no amassed the same fervor or attention for positivity as a Micheal Phelps. The bad play on the course as not lifted the stain of all the negative press that he garnered. Had he been even more successful on his playing field he more than likely would have been able to get companies to get back on the Tiger train. Companies, tend to use athletes that match their persona, the bigger the name the bigger the company. Image is so important to what a company is trying to convey about its product and service. Most companies have their values listed somewhere near their corporate profile. The two have to match. The values of a company must meet the value that is percieved the by the value of the product. The best and most current case of this is with Lance Armstrong, his Livestrong Foundation and Nike have distances themselves from Lance. He was a very visible and outspoken spokesman, he had a following that added to his legend on an almost daily basis. The findings that there was unanimous evidence that he was using PEDs (Performance Enhancing Drugs) to win in his sport was detrimental to not only his incredibility but it clings to a company like Nike being a company built on the athletic prowess of athletes from a varied amount of sports. So as a company what do you do? You have no choice but to cut ties with this athlete not just because he lied but the implication can be made that Nike and its athletes also lie and use PEDs. You can’t blame a company from wanting to distance its brand from that of a liar and cheater. In a different effect the Livestrong Foundation has a separate delimma to look at aside from the moral issue. They have a financial conundrum that affect the legacy of what Lance did for cancer and cancer research. The livestrong bands that are so popular in our community, were marketed to people on the basis that the proceeds from the sale of the bands go to the fight against cancer. People that associate Lance’s image struggle with his Foundation have become outraged. Here it is, this â€Å"winner†who was at the pinnacle of his sport lied on top of lying he cheated. He used his acclaim and sickness to capitalize on a disease and in turn not only made money for the foundation but also lined his pocket. The only recourse it seems the foundation had to take is to severe ties. Companies have a obligation to their shareholders, They have a obligation to their employees as well. The obligation to the shareholders and employees comes in the form of profit and money. Imagine if your brand is built on honesty and integrity. Your marketing and advertising say you are honest but your commercials have a Tiger Woods or Lance Armstrong there is a clear distinction that these two athletes have had trouble with honesty. The audience can then place your brand with dishonesty which can lead to losing business. As a bottom line all companies want to make money. You tend not to do things on a consistent level that contradict the reason why most businesses go into business, to make money! Performance is also a factor in whether a company will give an endorsement to an athletes. We are a culture that tends to use the what have you done for me lately concept when it comes to our professional athlete. Businesses also use this practice to capitalize on the success and marketability of an athlete. If there was a ethical issue the easiest way for that athlete to get the endorsements back or to gain new is to win. Winning is the cure for any image problems because it covers up the moral and places emphasis on the practical. In the case of Peyton Manning, Buick comes to mind. He did not play in the NFL in the 2011 season. He suffered tremendous neck injuries that put his playing future in jeopardy. He lost several endorsement deals not because he had a moral issue, in fact he is one of the top professional athletes in the world when it comes to image. In 2012 he was picked up but another team and that team has been success, Buick looking for a spokesman to embody the brand of Buick they went with Manning. He was not high on their list they dropped Tiger and needed to find a spokesman that matched the brand. Companies have to make the decision to drop or keep an athlete based on so many factors. The need to satisfy the bottom line and the customer is always a hard task. The hardest part is picking the right spokesman that can push the brand, product or service. It is hard because these athletes have personal lives, these athletes are human, they make decisions at times without thinking about what company has paid them to speak about their product. The company has to make sure that they include language in the contract that can help the athlete make inclusive decisions. The moral clause is always a good way for a company to protect itself from the damage that can happen when favorable decisions are not made by an individual. It is up to the athlete to make sure he wants to keep the money and fame that can come from being on commercials and in ads by Fortune 500 companies. I feel as though they do not think about the overall consequences of their actions or how it may affect their decisions. This is where the company comes in and can make up for that. Its egoism from both sides. A athlete can act unbecoming and lose it all but due to great performances he can redeem his career. While the company can extend a 2nd chance allowing the athlete to be in the public eye again. Its a line that both have control over but in the world of business and sport the lines are so often blurred. In the end the companies have the right to giveth and the right to taketh away.
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